Python正则表达式专项练习「私教练习」

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这里有。20 个关于正则表达式（Regex）的Python编程题目，难度从简单到困难逐渐增加：

1. 找到文本中的所有日期

提取格式为“YYYY-MM-DD”的日期字符串。

text = "重要日期：2023-12-25, 2024-01-01"
dates = # your code here
assert dates == ["2023-12-25", "2024-01-01"]

2. 验证电子邮件地址

编写一个正则表达式，验证字符串是否是有效的电子邮件地址。

email = "example@test.com"
is_valid = # your code here
assert is_valid is True

3. 分割日志文件

给定一个日志文件的字符串，使用正则表达式按日志条目分割它。

log = "INFO:2023-12-17:This is log 1\nERROR:2023-12-18:This is log 2"
entries = # your code here
assert entries == ["INFO:2023-12-17:This is log 1", "ERROR:2023-12-18:This is log 2"]

4. 匹配电话号码

创建一个正则表达式来匹配不同格式的电话号码，例如“(123) 456-7890”或“123-456-7890”。

phone = "(123) 456-7890"
is_phone = # your code here
assert is_phone is True

5. 提取 URL

从文本中提取所有 URL，并确定它们是 HTTP 还是 HTTPS。

text = "Visit https://example.com and http://test.org"
urls = # your code here
assert urls == ["https://example.com", "http://test.org"]

6. 验证密码强度

检查密码是否包含至少8个字符，其中包括大写字母、小写字母、数字和特殊字符。

password = "Aa1!aa11"
is_strong = # your code here
assert is_strong is True

7. 寻找重复的单词

使用正则表达式找到字符串中重复的单词。

text = "This is a test test text"
duplicate = # your code here
assert duplicate.group() == "test test"

8. 提取括号内的内容

编写一个正则表达式来提取圆括号 () 中的内容。

text = "This is a (sample) text"
content = # your code here
assert content == ["sample"]

9. 识别货币金额

检测和提取字符串中的货币金额（例如，“$100.00”或“€50”）。

text = "The price is $100.00 or €50"
amounts = # your code here
assert amounts == ["$100.00", "€50"]

10. 识别时间格式

提取格式为“HH:MM”或“HH:MM:SS”的时间字符串。

text = "The current time is 14:30:15 or sometimes 09:45"
times = # your code here
assert times == ["14:30:15", "09:45"]

11. 验证车牌号

创建一个正则表达式来验证不同格式的车牌号。

plate = "ABC-1234"
is_plate = # your code here
assert is_plate is True

12. 匹配 IPv4 地址

写一个正则表达式来匹配有效的 IPv4 地址。

ip = "192.168.1.1"
is_ipv4 = # your code here
assert is_ipv4 is True

13. 提取 HTML 标签内容

从 HTML 文本中提取特定标签的内容。

html = "<div>Hello World!</div>"
content = # your code here
assert content == ["Hello World!"]

14. 匹配 Markdown 链接

识别并提取 Markdown 格式文本中的链接及其文本。

markdown = "This is a [link](http://example.com)"
link_text = # your code here
assert link_text == [("link", "http://example.com")]

15. 识别代码注释

从代码字符串中提取单行和多行注释。

code = "// This is a comment\nint x = 0; /* block comment */"
comments = # your code here
assert comments == ["// This is a comment", "/* block comment */"]

16. 匹配科学计数法数字

编写一个正则表达式来匹配科学计数法表示的数字（例如，“1.23e10”）。

number = "1.23e10"
is_scientific = # your code here
assert is_scientific is True

17. 解析复杂日志格式

给定复杂的日志条目，使用正则表达式提取关键信息，如时间戳、日志级别和消息。

log = "[2023-12-17 10:00:00, INFO] This is an information."
pattern = # your code here
match = re.search(pattern, log)
assert match.groups() == ("2023-12-17 10:00:00", "INFO", "This is an information.")

18. 匹配嵌套括号内容

编写正则表达式来处理并匹配嵌套的圆括号。

text = "This is a (nested (example) text) string"
nested_content = # your code here
assert nested_content == ["(nested (example) text)"]

19. 验证 XML/HTML 标签结构

检查字符串是否是正确嵌套和闭合的XML或HTML标签。

html = "<tag>content</tag>"
is_valid_html = # your code here
assert is_valid_html is True

20. 提取嵌入式语言元素

例如，从 JavaScript 或 CSS 嵌入在 HTML 中的代码段提取特定的函数或规则。

html = "<style>body { background-color: #fff; }</style>"
style_content = # your code here
assert style_content == ["body { background-color: #fff; }"]

每个题目都可以用来练习和提高使用 Python 中的正则表达式的技能。随着题目的进行，问题将变得更复杂，涉及更多高级的正则表达式概念和技巧。

Solution

找到文本中的所有日期

text = "重要日期：2023-12-25, 2024-01-01"
dates = re.findall(r'\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}', text)
assert dates == ["2023-12-25", "2024-01-01"]

验证电子邮件地址

email = "example@test.com"
is_valid = bool(re.match(r'^[\w\.-]+@[\w\.-]+\.\w+$', email))
assert is_valid is True

分割日志文件

log = "INFO:2023-12-17:This is log 1\nERROR:2023-12-18:This is log 2"
entries = re.split(r'\n', log)
assert entries == ["INFO:2023-12-17:This is log 1", "ERROR:2023-12-18:This is log 2"]

匹配电话号码

phone = "(123) 456-7890"
is_phone = bool(re.match(r'\(\d{3}\)\s\d{3}-\d{4}', phone))
assert is_phone is True

提取URL

text = "Visit https://example.com and http://test.org"
urls = re.findall(r'https?://\S+', text)
assert urls == ["https://example.com", "http://test.org"]

验证密码强度

password = "Aa1!aa11"
is_strong = bool(re.match(r'(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\d)(?=.*[@$!%*?&])[A-Za-z\d@$!%*?&]{8,}', password))
assert is_strong is True

寻找重复的单词

text = "This is a test test text"
duplicate = re.search(r'\b(\w+)\s+\1\b', text)
assert duplicate.group() == "test test"

提取括号内的内容

text = "This is a (sample) text"
content = re.findall(r'\((.*?)\)', text)
assert content == ["sample"]

识别货币金额

text = "The price is $100.00 or €50"
amounts = re.findall(r'[$€]\d+(?:\.\d{2})?', text)
assert amounts == ["$100.00", "€50"]

识别时间格式

text = "The current time is 14:30:15 or sometimes 09:45"
times = re.findall(r'\b\d{1,2}:\d{2}(?::\d{2})?\b', text)
assert times == ["14:30:15", "09:45"]

验证车牌号

plate = "ABC-1234"
is_plate = bool(re.match(r'^[A-Z]{3}-\d{4}$', plate))
assert is_plate is True

匹配IPv4地址

ip = "192.168.1.1"
is_ipv4 = bool(re.match(r'^\d{1,3}(\.\d{1,3}){3}$', ip))
assert is_ipv4 is True

提取HTML标签内容

html = "<div>Hello World!</div>"
content = re.findall(r'<div>(.*?)</div>', html)
assert content == ["Hello World!"]

匹配Markdown链接

markdown = "This is a [link](http://example.com)"
link_text = re.findall(r'\[([^\]]+)\]\((http[s]?://\S+)\)', markdown)
assert link_text == [("link", "http://example.com")]

识别代码注释

code = "// This is a comment\nint x = 0; /* block comment */"
comments = re.findall

(r'//.?$|/*.?*/', code, re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE)
assert comments == ["// This is a comment", "/* block comment */"]
```

匹配科学计数法数字

number = "1.23e10"
is_scientific = bool(re.match(r'^-?\d+(\.\d+)?e[-+]?\d+$', number))
assert is_scientific is True

解析复杂日志格式

log = "[2023-12-17 10:00:00, INFO] This is an information."
pattern = r'\[(\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}), (\w+)\] (.+)'
match = re.search(pattern, log)
assert match.groups() == ("2023-12-17 10:00:00", "INFO", "This is an information.")

匹配嵌套括号内容

text = "This is a (nested (example) text) string"
nested_content = re.findall(r'\(([^()]|\([^()]*\))*\)', text)
assert nested_content == ["(nested (example) text)"]

验证XML/HTML标签结构

html = "<tag>content</tag>"
is_valid_html = bool(re.match(r'<([a-z]+)>(.*?)</\1>', html))
assert is_valid_html is True

提取嵌入式语言元素

html = "<style>body { background-color: #fff; }</style>"
style_content = re.findall(r'<style>(.*?)</style>', html, re.DOTALL)
assert style_content == ["body { background-color: #fff; }"]

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